If the urine protein electrophoresis is abnormal, reflex test immunofixation will be performed. Proteins in serum, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid are separated into five, generally distinct, fractions composed of many individual proteins. The relative proportions of these fractions have proven to be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of certain disease states. Normally, little protein is excreted in the urine, but relatively large amounts may escape in various disease states. Urine protein electrophoresis is used primarily to identify Bence Jones proteins which migrate in the beta- and gamma-globulin regions. Immunofixation may be used to characterize the Bence Jones protein as kappa or lambda type. Notes: 1)In lipoid nephrosis there is "selective" proteinuria (primarily albumin escapes). 2)In nonselective proteinuria, such as in glomerulonephritis, all the serum proteins tend to appear in the urine.